Role of Cockroaches in the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases in Amorka, Ihiala Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the role of cockroaches in the transmission of parasitic diseases in Amorka, Ihiala Local Government Area Anambra state from June to August 2023. A total of 350 cockroaches, 190 males (25.26%) and female 160 (35.00%) comprising of two species were collected from different locations using insecticides and examined. A total of 104(29.71%) were infested with parasites. The dominant cockroaches species were Periplaneta americanus 286(32.17%) followed by Blatta orientalis 64(18.75%). Four medically important parasites were encountered in the following order, Entamoeba histolytica 47(13.43%), Ascaris lumbricoides 37(10.57%), Hook worm 11(03.14%) Trichuris trichuira 9(02.57%). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of parasite infestation (p> 0.05). The rate of parasite contamination of cockroaches in relation to sampling sites, pit latrine 71(37.97%), Living room 12(19.57%), Kitchen 21(20.59%) was statically significant (p<0.05). With respect to their developmental stages, adult 94(31.54%) and nymph 10 (19.53%), the rate of infestation was not statically significant (p>0.05). Indiscriminate disposal of household refuse, poor hygiene, poor sanitation and improper storage of food facilities are the factors that cause the spread of parasites transmitted by cockroaches and they continue to constitute important reservoir for infectious pathogens and parasites. Control measures instituted in pit latrine, kitchen and living room targeting especially the females and both stages of development of cockroach could substantially minimize the spread of parasitic infections and other diseases in Amorka.