A Modified Least Significant Bit Replacement

2022-01-21T09:13:44-07:00

Steganography is one of the security measures employed at file level to cover information in a carrier. The goal of steganography is to send a confidential message over a network in a way that intruders will not notice it. In steganography, the message is wrapped in an innocent carrier such as image, audio or video file. There are always bits tempering in the process and this changes the looks and appearance of the carrier. The more secret message is embedded in any cover file, the more random noise occurs. Secret message bits when embedded drastically modify the Red Green and Blue (RGB) components’ bits of the carrier, hence, the statistical properties and physical appearance of the carrier change and this draws the attention of intruders to suspect that confidential data is hidden there. This research introduced an improved method of least significant bit replacement to cover secret data using 24 bits bitmap image to handle random noise efficiently so that the Human Visual System (HVS) of intruders will not notice the secret communication. The research reviewed some previous related researches that aimed to reduce the effect of random noise and research gap is identified. The research implemented the new Modified Least Significant Bit Replacement (M-LSBR) method to fill the identified research gap. Five (5) experiments were conducted with 5 (five) varying dimension RGB images and the result gathered that the PSNR value, image quality and message capacity of the new method is better than those achieved by the previous methods, hence, the research gap is filled. Finally, conclusion was drawn and recommendation for future research was suggested.

Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Potential of Rice Husk and Chitosan Extract on Mild Steel in Acidic Media

2022-05-02T11:19:42-06:00

One of the consequences of industrial food production activities is the generation of a huge volume of waste, whose disposal can lead to environmental and human health problems, yet often they can be turned into high-value and useful products. On the other hand, the use of mild steel has gained more attention in food industrial applications because of its mechanical properties, ease of fabrication, low purchasing cost, and one of the ways to manage food waste. However, mild steel is susceptible to corrosion in an acidic medium. This study is aimed at investigating the inhibition and adsorption potential of the value-added product Rice husk and Chitosan on mild steel. Inhibition potential and adsorption characteristics of Rice Husk/Chitosan were done. A weight-loss experiment followed phytochemical analysis of rice husk to check the inhibition efficiency. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and other chemical analyses were done to gauge the adsorbent's performance. The analyses of the result showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with increased concentration of the inhibitor and increases with temperature. The data obtained ascertain the adsorption of the extract on the surface of the metal with an inhibition efficiency of 89.98%. The mechanism of adsorption of the extract is chemisorption.

IPS Journal of Physical Sciences

A Modified Least Significant Bit Replacement

Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Potential of Rice Husk and Chitosan Extract on Mild Steel in Acidic Media