Practice of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Mgbundukwu Primary Health Center, Port Harcourt

Abstract

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) remains a critical safe motherhood strategy aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality by promoting timely access to skilled obstetric care. Despite ongoing efforts to improve maternal health outcomes in Nigeria, preventable maternal deaths persist due to delays in decision-making, transportation challenges, financial constraints, and limited access to skilled providers. This study assessed the factors associated with BPCR among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Mgbundukwu Model Primary Health Center, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. The target population comprised pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the facility, with an estimated monthly attendance of 150. Using the Taro Yamane formula and a 10% non-response adjustment, a sample size of 120 was determined. A total of 109 correctly completed questionnaires were analyzed, yielding a response rate of 90.8%. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that most respondents were aged 26–40 years (86.2%), married (89.0%), and had attained at least a Diploma-level education (56.9%). Logistic factors emerged as important determinants of BPCR: 45.9% reported difficulty obtaining transportation at night, and 51.4% experienced traffic congestion en route to the hospital. Financial constraints were also notable, with 27.5% lacking adequate funds for BPCR requirements and 18.3% reporting unstable income. However, cultural and religious barriers were minimal, as only 15.6% believed emergency planning invites misfortune and 8.3% reported cultural resistance to hospital delivery or caesarean section. Family support was strong, with 92.7% reporting spousal involvement and 85.3% having access to potential blood donors. Nonetheless, 29.4% of respondents were unable to confidently identify skilled birth attendants. The study concludes that while socio-cultural resistance is low and family support is high, logistical challenges, financial instability, and knowledge gaps regarding skilled birth attendants significantly influence BPCR in this urban primary healthcare setting. Strengthening antenatal education, improving emergency transport planning, and enhancing financial preparedness strategies are recommended to improve safe delivery outcomes.