Evaluating the Effectiveness of One Health Education Interventions on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Competencies among MPH Students in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The One Health (OH) approach is critical for addressing complex health challenges at the human-animal-environment interface, particularly in Nigeria, where zoonotic diseases are prevalent. Master of Public Health (MPH) students are future leaders in health security, yet the integration of OH into their curricula remains inconsistent. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of OH educational interventions on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived competencies of MPH and related health science students in Nigeria.

Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant databases for studies published up to 2026. Studies evaluating educational interventions (courses, workshops, modules) targeting public health, medical, and veterinary students in Nigeria, with outcomes measuring changes in knowledge, attitudes, or competencies, were included.

Results: The review identified significant gaps in baseline OH knowledge among Nigerian students. However, structured educational interventions, such as the 6-week "One Health for Translational Team Science" course, demonstrated substantial improvements. Participants showed statistically significant increases in their confidence to apply OH principles, investigate outbreaks, and work in transdisciplinary teams. Positive shifts in attitudes toward intersectoral collaboration were also consistently reported.

Conclusion: Educational interventions are highly effective in improving OH knowledge, attitudes, and competencies among MPH and health science students in Nigeria. To build a resilient public health workforce, Nigerian universities and regulatory bodies must prioritize the systematic integration of OH core competencies into standard MPH curricula.