Blood Plasma Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Under Five Children in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract

PAHs are known carcinogens associated with immune system suppression, skin irritation, allergic reactions, respiratory problems, mutagenic issues and are generally toxic to humans. In this study, we assessed the presence and proportions of PAHs in the blood plasma of under-five children living in crude oil-polluted environment in Ogoniland, Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Communities resident in close proximity to crude oil exploration sites are constantly faced with environmental, socio-economic and health consequences of crude oil pollution. People can be exposed to PAHs through multiple routes including inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee, University of Port Harcourt. A total of 78 children were recruited from Gokana (male =17, female= 22) and Ideato (Male=15, female=24) using multi-clustered sampling method. Standard procedures were observed in this study. Results obtained were compared with under five children living in non-oil polluted environments within the Niger Delta province. The overall average PAHs was 0.331±0.383 mg/kg for Gokana males and 0.058±0.057mg/kg for Ideato males; overall average PAHs was 0.514±0.373 mg/kg for Gokana females and 0.100±0.049 mg/kg for Ideato female; overall average PAHs was 0.423±0.383 mg/kg Gokana and 0.081±0.057 mg/kg for Ideato. Under-five children in Ogoniland showed positive blood plasma PAHs higher than the comparison group in Ideato. However, carcinogenic PAHs were below levels of concern in the study population. The male gender showed higher positive PAHs than the female gender. Further studies on inflammation, stress factors and overall health status are recommended considering the vulnerability of the study population.