Hyalophora cecropia Cecropins and Zingiber officinale: A Dual Approach to Combat Cholera Pathogen

Abstract

The rising threat of multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains has compromised cholera treatment efficacy, necessitating innovative approaches. Hyalophora cecropia cecropins and Zingiber officinale show individual antibacterial potential, but their combined efficacy against V. cholerae remains unexplored, highlighting a critical research gap in addressing this global health threat. This study aimed to characterize V. cholerae isolates and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract against these isolates, alone and in combination with cecropins. V. cholerae isolates were characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phytochemical constituents of Z. officinale extract were analyzed, and its antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Three V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor strains (C6709/VCC6, P27459/VCP2, E7946/VCE7)) were identified, exhibiting characteristic cultural, morphological, and biochemical features. The Z. officinale extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The ethanolic extract (EEZ) showed higher inhibition zones against the V. cholerae isolates compared to the aqueous extract (AEZ). Combinations of Z. officinale extracts with cecropins (CP) enhanced antibacterial activity, with EEZ+CP showing the highest inhibition zones (19.11-24.83 mm). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the inhibition zones. The study suggests that combining Z. officinale extracts with cecropins enhances antibacterial activity against V. cholerae isolates. This study generates crucial insights into the antibacterial efficacy of Z. officinale extract against V. cholerae, underscoring its promise as a natural therapeutic option for combating cholera